2022年9月30日 星期五

英語聽力練習 - 26

《英語聽力練習》(26)
"English Listening Practice" (26)
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條件句 (Conditional Sentences)】簡介

條件句(If-條件句)是一種假設語氣。這些句子可分為兩半:一半是由帶有從屬連接詞 If 的從屬子句,與另一半含有情態助動詞 (will, would, can, could, may, might)的主要子句所形成的複句。

條件句的從屬子句是用來陳述條件,通常以 If 起頭,所以又稱為「If-子句」。條件句的主要子句則是用來說明結果。條件句主要有三大類,我們通常可以從 If-子句與主要子句中的動詞「時態」來判斷該條件句是屬於哪一類,進而了解句子的意涵。

下面這三個句子說明條件句因為所使用的時態不同,句子的語意也完全不一樣。

If I have enough money, I will marry you.
如果我有足夠的錢,我會和你結婚。

第一類條件句(相當有可能實現)



用「現在簡單式」表示「將來有可能實現」的假設。

第一類條件句練習




If I had enough money, I would marry you.
如果我有足夠的錢,我就會和你結婚了。

第二類條件句(不太有可能實現)



用「過去簡單式」表示「與現在事實相反」的假設,現在的事實是我沒有足夠的錢,所以我不太有可能和你結婚。


第二類條件句用於描述現在或未來不太可能發生、與事實相反、或婉轉的忠告。它是一種虛實(非真的、假的、想像的、不可能的)的假設語氣。

使用第二類條件句,表示說話者認為 If-子句所陳述的假設不太可能發生。通常它用於想像的、非真的、不可能的、或與現在事實相反的未來事件。


第三類條件句(過去沒發生的事)


If I had had enough money, I would have married you.
如果當時我有足夠的錢,我是會和你結婚。

用「過去完成式」表示「與過去事實相反」的假設,代表我當時沒有足夠的錢,否則我早就和你結婚了。雖然沒有指出時間點,但從時態就可以知道它所表達的是已經過去的「當時」。


We would go by high speed rail if it isn't so expensive.
如果價格不是那麼昂貴,我們會選擇搭高鐵。

Look it up, there is a mistake in this English sentence. What's wrong? Please correct.

上句,主要子句用「would+動詞原式」,屬「第二類條件句」。
 If-子句動詞應改成過去式「wasn't」。
第二類條件句用於描述現在或未來不太可能發生的事。請注意動詞時態。
我們不會搭高鐵,因為票價太昂貴了。
We would go by high speed rail if it wasn't so expensive.

第三類條件句

(過去沒發生的事)
表示「與過去事實相反」的假設

find and fix errors

找出並修正錯誤








2022年9月29日 星期四

英語聽力練習 - 25

《英語聽力練習》(25)
"English Listening Practice" (25)
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hardhardly 的用法和區別

雖然 「hard」 和 「hardly」 從拼寫上看只差兩個字母,
但它們的意思和用法卻大相逕庭。
其中,「hard」 作形容詞時的主要意思包括 
「堅硬的」、「困難的」 和 「辛苦的」,
作副詞時可以表示 「努力地」;
而「hardly」 只能是副詞,表示 「幾乎不」。

Please listen to the following paragraph.
請聽下面的一段講解。

Hi, I’m going to tell you about the difference between hard and hardly.

Hard, we can use it in lots of different ways, but it usually means strong, difficult or intense.

“Ow – that ball is hard.”

“Calculus is hard.”

“That was really hard work.”

Hardly is an adverb and it can mean ‘almost not’.

“This is too small. I can hardly read it.”

We can use it with 『any’ to talk about quantity.

For example: “There is hardly any water in this cup.”

We can use it with ‘ever’ for frequency.

For example: “I hardly ever play basketball.”

The following three example sentences are used to help you remember.

It’s hard for me to play tennis, because I hardly ever train.

I can hardly walk afterwards, because I’ve been running hard.

I often get hurt because the ball’s hard and there’s hardly any time to get out of the way!




Your writing is so terrible. I cannot hardly read it.
你寫的真是糟透了。我幾乎不能讀它。

hardly (幾乎不) 本質上已具備了 'not' 或 'no' 等否定的意思,所以不要再與否定詞 cannot 並用。避免使用雙重否定 。

Your writing is so terrible. I can hardly read it.

2022年9月28日 星期三

英語聽力練習 - 24

《英語聽力練習》(24)
"English Listening Practice" (24)

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由兩種食才混合而成的食物:

spaghetti and meatballs
意大利麵條和肉丸子
(由意大利麵條,番茄醬和肉丸子組成)

ice cream and cake
冰淇淋和蛋糕

peanut butter and jelly
花生醬和果凍

Peanut butter and jelly are my favorite sandwich.
(塗上)花生醬和果醬(的土司)是我最喜歡的三明治。


The above sentence, there is a mistake, think about it, please point out, where is the mistake?

上列英文句,有一個地方錯了,想想看,請指出,錯在哪裡?

英文裡有許多習慣由兩種食才混合而成的食物,如:"spaghetti and meatballs", "ice cream and cake", "peanut butter and jelly" ,習慣上視為單一名詞,則必須用單數動詞。
Peanut butter and jelly are my favorite sandwich.
Peanut butter and jelly is my favorite sandwich.

The rescue personnel is working to locate the missing and treat the injured.
救援人員正在努力尋找失踪者和治療受傷人員。

'locate' 一般熟知的意義為 "定位" ,也可解釋為:
確定…的位置,發現…的位置

"personnel" - (總稱)人員,習慣用複數動詞 (are)。
"the missing" - 失踪者,和 "the injured" - 受傷者。

我們經常用 "the + 形容詞" 泛指一群「特殊」的人。這種 "the + 形容詞" 的用法,其實是我們把後面的名詞省略掉; the rich (people)the missing (people), the injured (people),這些省略掉名詞的名詞片語,相當於複數普通名詞,作主詞時,要取複數動詞。

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conversation

PERSPECTIVES

How have you changed?

Listen to these statements about changes.

1. When I was a kid, I used to be very messy, but now I’m very neat.

2. I didn’t use to collect anything, but now I do.

3. I never used to play sports, but now I like to keep fit.

4. I never used to worry about money, but I do now.

5. I used to have a lot of hobbies, but now I don’t have any free time.

6. I didn’t use to follow politics, but now I check headlines online every day.

7. When I was younger, I used to care a lot about my appearance. Now, I’m too busy to care how I look.


2022年9月27日 星期二

英語聽力練習 - 23

《英語聽力練習》(23)
"English Listening Practice" (23)
conversation

LISTENING – Life as an Immigrant

聆聽 - 移民的生活

Listen to interviews with two immigrants to the United States.

聽聽對兩名美國移民的採訪。

Topic - 話題

Where are they from?

HUY

Where are you from originally, Huy?

你從哪裡來,休伊?

I’m from Vietnam … from near Hanoi.

我來自越南 … 河內附近。

And when did you move here?

你是什麼時候搬到這裡的?

I came here after I graduated from college.

That was in 1998.

我大學畢業後來到這裡。那是在 1998 年。

And what do you do now?

你現在做什麼工作?

I work for a communications company.

我在一家通訊公司工作。

I see. So you’re an immigrant to the United States?

明白了。所以你是美國移民?

That’s right.

是的。

What are some difficulties of being an immigrant in the US?

身為美國移民有哪些困難呢?

Oh, that’s not an easy question to answer.

There are so many things, really.

哦,這不是一個容易回答的問題。有很多事,真的。

I guess one of the biggest difficulties is that I don’t have any relatives here.

我想最大的困難之一是我在這裡沒有親戚。

I mean, I have a lot of friends, but that’s not the same thing.

我的意思是,我有很多朋友,但這是一樣的。

In Vietnam we visit relatives on holidays and weekends. It’s not the same here.

And what do you miss the most home?

而你最想念「家鄉的」是什麼?

Oh, that’s easy – my mom’s cooking!

哦,這很簡單 - 我媽媽的烹調!

There are some great Vietnamese restaurants here, but it’s not the same as my mother’s cooking.

這裡有一些很棒的越南餐館,但和我媽媽做的不一樣。

Ahmed

 

Where are you from Ahmed?

你從哪裡來,艾哈邁德?

I’m from Egypt.

我來自埃及。

And when did you move to the US?

你是什麼時候搬到美國的?

In 2005.

2005 年。

Are you studying here at the moment?

你現在還在這裡念書嗎?

Not now. 

現在沒。

I move here to attend college, and after I graduated, I got a job here.

我搬到這裡上大學,畢業後在這裡找到了工作。

I’m working as an engineer.

我是一名工程師。

Uh-huh. And what was it like when you first came here? Was it difficult?

呃呵。當你第一次來到這裡時是什麼感覺?艱辛嗎?

Yeah, it was at times. The biggest difficulty I had was the educational system.

是的,有時是這樣。我遇到的最大困難是教育系統。

Things are very different here. 

Teaching methods, 

everything is very different from 

what I was used to in Egypt.

這裡的情況非常不同。教學方法,一切都和我在埃及習慣的很不一樣。

And what do you miss the most from Egypt?

你最想念埃及的什麼?

My family and my friends. I try to go home often, but it’s expensive to go back.

我的家人和朋友。我試著經常回家,但是回去很貴。

I have some friends coming to visit next month, so I’m really looking forward to that.

我有一些朋友下個月要來拜訪,所以我真的很期待。

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2022年9月26日 星期一

英語聽力練習 - 22

《英語聽力練習》(22)
"English Listening Practice" (22)
conversation
Topic - 話題

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Hey, that was fun. Thanks for the lesson!

No problem. So tell me a little about yourself.

What do you do?

嘿,這堂課很有趣。感謝您的指導!
沒問題,小事一樁。那麼,自我介紹一下吧。
你做什麼工作?

I work in a travel agency.

Really What do you do there?

我在一家旅行社工作。
是喔,你在那裡做什麼?

I’m in charge of their computer.

Oh, so you’re a computer specialist.

我負責他們的電腦。
哦,原來你是計算機專家。

Wow, sort of. Yeah, I guess so.

That’s great. Then maybe you can give me some help with a computer course I’m taking.

哇,有點。 我想就是這樣。
那太棒了。 那麼,也許你可以
「我正在學習的計算機課程上」給我一些幫助。

Oh, sure … but only if you promise to give me some more skating lessons.

It’s a deal!

哦,當然 … 但前提是你答應給我上更多的滑冰課。 
就這麼說定囉!
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拜託,別傻了,我剛才怎麼說的
Please, don't be silly, what did I just say?

你會被車輾過。
You will be run over by a car.

在街上不安全,我沒在說笑。
It's not safe to be on the street, I'm not joking.

你不能跟我來。
You can't come with me.

說真的,妳會很驚訝他聽懂多少?
Seriously, you'd be surprised how much he understood?

嗨 鮑伯,
Hi Bob,

快去,回去你的草叢。
Go, go back to your grass.

快去,乖貓咪。
Come on, sweet cat.

乖貓咪。
Nice cat.

親愛的,你看!
Dear, look!

你在這裡幹嘛?
What are you doing here?

不,別亂跑。
No, don't run around.

他甚至不是我的貓。
He's not even my cat.

他只是跟著我上巴士,是不是啊?
He just followed me on the bus, didn't he?

他好可愛!(女聲)
He is so cute!

他可以搭巴士嗎?
Can he take the bus?

不曉得,你有付他的車資嗎?(女聲)
I don't know, have you paid his fare?

咱們倆坐一個位子?
Let's take a seat?

你想上去嗎?
Do you want to go up?

去吧。
Go for it.

景觀很棒吧。
The landscape is great.

你在幹嘛?跟著我去市區?
What are you doing? Follow me to the city?

鮑伯,你看。
Look, Bob.

看那些雕像。
Look at those statues.

你是獅子,你是獅子。
You are a lion, you are a lion.

他們比不上你,夥伴。
They are no match for you, mate.

拿去,這會有幫助嗎?(女聲)
Take it, will this help?

恰到好處,很好,夠粗。
ust right, nice, thick enough.

是啊!(女聲)
yes!

別綁太緊。(女聲)
Don't tie too tightly.

我知道。
I know.

以免他在市區會嚇到.
lest he be frightened in the city.

我不要他跑走.
I don't want him to run away.

他其實不是我的,是流浪貓。
He's not mine, he's a stray cat.

在我看來,他不是流浪貓。(女聲)
n my opinion, he is not a stray cat.

對,我知道。
Yes, I know.























2022年9月25日 星期日

英語聽力練習 - 21

《英語聽力練習》(21)
"English Listening Practice" (21)

句型:with+ O.+ O.C.


with + O + OC (with + 受詞+受詞補語) 的用法表示「附帶的狀況」,是非常好用的句型,可以套用在多種情境。

本句型的學習重點是:"決定受詞補語的型態"。

受詞補語,用來補充或說明受詞,使句子具有完整的意義。
受詞補語可以是名詞或形容詞(含:不定詞片語、分詞片語、或介系詞片語)。

1. with + O + OC (介系詞片語)

此處,OC (介系詞片語) 表示 O (受詞) 所在的地點或位置。


The children were playing in the room with their shoes outside the room.
孩子們在房間裡玩,他們的鞋子在房間外面。


2. with + O + OC (形容詞 - 表狀態)

凱蒂覺得冷。凱蒂就上床睡覺。凱蒂把窗戶都關上。
Katie felt cold. Katie went to bed. Katie closed the windows.
(三個句子)
將第一句簡化成分詞構句。
Feeling cold,Katie went to bed with all the windows closed.
感覺很冷,凱蒂關上所有窗戶上床睡覺。

3. with + O + OC (現在分詞 - 表主動)

Alison is talking with an old man with her dog running around.
艾莉森正在和一個老人說話跑來跑去
艾莉森帶著她跑來跑去的狗,正在和一個老人說話。

1. Alison是男或女 (女)

2. 狗是誰的? (her)

3. 老人是男或女(man)


4. with + O + OC (過去分詞 - 表被動)

The thief was taken to the police station, with his hands handcuffed.
小偷被帶到警察局,雙手被戴上手銬。















2022年9月24日 星期六

英語聽力練習 - 20

《英語聽力練習》(20)
"English Listening Practice" (20)

句型:with+ O.+ O.C.


with + O + OC (with + 受詞+受詞補語) 的用法表示「附帶的狀況」,是非常好用的句型,可以套用在多種情境。

本句型的學習重點是:"決定受詞補語的型態"。

受詞補語,用來補充或說明受詞,使句子具有完整的意義。
受詞補語可以是名詞或形容詞(含:不定詞片語、分詞片語、或介系詞片語)。

1. with + O + OC (介系詞片語)

此處,OC 表示 O (受詞) 所在的地點或位置。

The young man walked cheerfully with his hand in his pocket.
年輕人手插在口袋裡,興高采烈地走著。


【分詞構句 - participle sentence

分詞構句的主要功能,就是「精簡句子」。

當兩個句子的主詞相同,而你不想重複兩次時,就能用分詞構句來連接兩個句子。

分詞構句會造成的改變是:

1. 省略兩句中「表原因、條件、先發生的事情」那句的主詞。

2. 省略連接詞。

3. 動詞做變化:主動用現在分詞;被動用過去分詞。


請看下列句子:

1. He has nothing to do. He feels bored. 
他無事可做。 他覺得無聊。
(二個句子)

2. He has nothing to do and he feels bored. 
(用連接詞 and 連接成一個句子)

3.  Having nothing to do, he feels bored. 
無事可做,他覺得無聊。
(用分詞構句,把連接詞 and 和主詞 He 省略,動詞 has 改成現在分詞 Having 放在句首。)


再看下列句子:

The musicians stood up. The musicians were surrounded by applause. 
音樂家們們站了起來。音樂家們被掌聲圍繞
(二個句子)

The musicians stood up while the musicians were surrounded by applause.
(用連接詞 while 連接成一個句子)

Surrounded by applause, the musicians stood up.
在掌聲中,音樂家們起立。
(用分詞構句簡化,因為後段是發生的事情先去掉連接詞 while,再把主詞 the musicians 省略,被動式 were surrounded 改成過去分詞 Surrounded 放在句首。)


2. with + O + Adj (表狀態)

賴恩覺得冷。賴恩就上床睡覺。賴恩把窗戶都關上。
Ryan felt cold. Ryan went to bed. Ryan closed the windows.

Feeling cold,Ryan went to bed with all the windows closed.