《英語聽力練習》(17)
both … and 兩者皆…
由 both 和 and 所引導的兩個項目在文法結構上必須對等。
請看例句：
賈斯丁和伊麗莎白兩個人都喜歡音樂。
Both Justin and Elizabeth like music.
（連接兩個對等名詞單字）
我來的目的一方面是看你，一方面要恭喜你。
I came both to see you and to congratulate you.
（連接兩個對等不定詞片語）
Both Amy and Betty are students.
An example is given below.
whether...or not
More examples are given below.
He might come. I don’t know.
I don’t know whether he will come or not.
I don’t know whether he will come or not.
She might recognize me. I don’t know.
I don’t know whether she will recognize me or not.
I don’t know whether she will recognize me or not.
You may not like it. You will have to take this medicine.
You will have to take this medicine whether you like it or not.
You will have to take this medicine whether you like it or not.
She may or may not come with us. We will have to go.
We will have to go whether she comes with us or not.
【相關連接詞(Correlative Conjunctions)】
聖經加拉太書 (Galatians)第六章第七節有這麼一段話：
你們不要自欺、也不要欺騙上帝。一個人種什麼、就收什麼。
「一個人種什麼、就收什麼」原文是 "As Ye Sow, So Shall Ye Reap." ，ye 是古文，指的是 you (你; 你們)。
"As you sow, so shall you reap." 句子中的 As ... so ... 是成對使用的連接詞，我們稱之為相關連接詞。
常見的相關連接詞有：
【相關連接詞範例】
今天天氣晴朗，我決定午飯後去散步。
It is so sunny today that Idecide to take a walk after lunch.
It is so sunny today that I decided to take a walk after lunch.
決定午飯後去散步，這個"決定"已經是過去了，故用過去式。
不能亂點鴛鴦譜，配對好的，如 either … or 以及 neither … nor 不能被拆散，使用 either… nor, 或 neither… or 是絕對錯誤的。
我既沒有禮物，也沒有卡片。
I got neither the giftor the card.
I got neither the gift nor the card.
相關連接詞“neither... nor”必須成對使用。
你可以接受它，也可以拒絕它。
You canneither take it or leave it.
You can either take it or leave it.
不容討價還價；要就要, 不要拉倒；要麽接受，要麽放棄。相關連接詞“either... or”必須成對使用。
【neither 或 nor 可以單獨當連接詞】
neither 或 nor 單獨當連接詞， 當前面的子句為否定時，neither 或 nor 後面的主詞與動詞的順序要顛倒過來。
否定子句, neither (nor) + 助動詞 + 主詞 + 動詞
I never called her back, nor have I regretted it.
我從來沒有給她回電，我也沒有後悔過。
本句的助動詞 have 必須緊跟在 nor 之後。
【也不...】
一般對話中，我們經常用 neither 或 nor + 助動詞 + 主詞, 來表示"也不..."。
neither (nor) + 助動詞 + 主詞
他們不關心政治，我也不關心。
They don't care about the politics, and neitherI do.
They don't care about the politics, and neither do I.
主詞 'I' 不能放在助動詞 'do' 前面。
不是Chris 就是 David 搞了這惡作劇。
_______ Chris or David must have done this mischief.
(A) Both (B) Neither (C) Whether (D) Either
請參考相關連接詞 "Either...or" (不是… 就是…) 。
是否新鮮空氣會導致新的想法？
Does fresh airled to fresh thought?
Does fresh air lead to fresh thought?
不規則動詞 lead - "導致...後果; 影想" 的過去式及過去分詞均是 led。
助動詞(Do, Does, Did)可以幫助主要動詞形成疑問句。
主詞 fresh air 是單數、第三人稱，故用助動詞用 Does。
疑問句的形成是在主詞之前加上助動詞，且主要動詞使用動詞原式(lead)。
助動詞 do 可以幫助主要動詞： (1)形成疑問句、 (2)形成否定句、(3)加强語氣、 (4)代替前面已提過的動詞，避免重覆使用。
【形成疑問句】
He likes pop music.
他喜歡流行音樂。 (肯定句)
Does he like pop music?
他喜歡流行音樂嗎？ (疑問句)
疑問句的形成是在主詞(He)之前加上助動詞(Does)， 並將動詞(likes)改為動詞原式(like)。
I like apple.
我喜歡蘋果。
肯定句
I don't like apple. (don't = do not)
我不喜歡蘋果。
動詞 like (喜歡) 藉由助動詞 do, 及副詞 not 的幫助,而形成否定句。
｛Your opinion (about what is right for you)｝ doesn’t mean that it is right for others.
保羅不喜歡數學。
Pauldo not like mathematics.
Paul does not like mathematics.
第三人稱、單數、現在式，助動詞用does。
我沒吃早餐。
I did notate breakfast.
I did not eat breakfast.
助動詞 did 後面的主要動詞要用原式。
【加强語氣】
I do like this cake.
我的確喜歡這個蛋糕。
在正面的、肯定的句子，用助動詞 do 來加强語氣。
Please do come.
請一定要來。
助動詞 do 加强語氣，請務必要來，誠懇地邀請。
Never did I stop loving you.
(= I never stopped loving you.)
我從來沒有停止過愛你。
這種在副詞"never"後面加 do, does, did，把字的順序顛倒過來，也是為了加强語氣用。
I really do expect to be treated the way I treat you — with respect.
我真心期望你對待我就如同我對待你一樣 — 尊重。
助動詞 do 用來加强語氣。
【代替前面已提過的動詞，避免重覆使用。】
Jeff plays bridge, doesn't he? ~ Yes, he does.
Jeff 打橋牌，不是嗎？ 〜是的，他是會橋牌。
does 代替 plays bridge。
The students ran out of the classroom and so did the teacher.
學生們跑出教室，老師也是如此。
did 代替 ran out of the classroom。did 與 ran 都用過去式。
Do it right or don't do it at all.
做就做得對否則就不要做。
上面句子紅體標識的do為主要動詞，而don't = do not 的 do 為助動詞。
練習： 使用正確形式的 do
We will have to go whether she comes with us or not.
從實例中練習
【相關連接詞(Correlative Conjunctions)】
聖經加拉太書 (Galatians)第六章第七節有這麼一段話：
你們不要自欺、也不要欺騙上帝。一個人種什麼、就收什麼。
「一個人種什麼、就收什麼」原文是 "As Ye Sow, So Shall Ye Reap." ，ye 是古文，指的是 you (你; 你們)。
"As you sow, so shall you reap." 句子中的 As ... so ... 是成對使用的連接詞，我們稱之為相關連接詞。
常見的相關連接詞有：
【相關連接詞範例】
either… or (不是...就是...)
neither… nor (既不… 且不)
not only… but also (不但… 而且)
not only… but also (不但… 而且)
both … and (~和~兩者都)
as… so (只要… 就會)
as… so (只要… 就會)
so… that (如此… 以致)
whether… or (不論~ 或)
whether… or (不論~ 或)
not so much… as (不在於… 而是)
Either Jane or Bob knows where she went.
不是 Jane 就是 Bob 知道她的去向。
Neither Alex nor Alice knew the whole truth.
Alex 和 Alice 都不知道全部的真相。
He coached not only soccer but also tennis.
他訓練的不僅是足球，也有網球。
Both Nancy and I went to the movie.
Nancy 和我都去看電影了。
Larry was so busy that he didn't have time to eat lunch.
Larry 忙碌得沒有時間吃午飯。
It doesn't matter whether he is rich or poor, I will marry him.
不管他是有錢或沒錢，我都要嫁給他。
I am not so much angry as sad.
我傷心勝過生氣。
不是你錯就是她錯。
Either you or sheare wrong.
Either you or she is wrong.
由 "or", "either... or", "nor", "neither... nor", "not only... but also",所連接的複合主詞，以最靠近動詞的主詞來決定動詞的單複數形式。最靠近動詞的主詞是 she，不是 you，所以動詞為 is。
Either Jane or Bob knows where she went.
不是 Jane 就是 Bob 知道她的去向。
Neither Alex nor Alice knew the whole truth.
Alex 和 Alice 都不知道全部的真相。
He coached not only soccer but also tennis.
他訓練的不僅是足球，也有網球。
Both Nancy and I went to the movie.
Nancy 和我都去看電影了。
Larry was so busy that he didn't have time to eat lunch.
Larry 忙碌得沒有時間吃午飯。
It doesn't matter whether he is rich or poor, I will marry him.
不管他是有錢或沒錢，我都要嫁給他。
I am not so much angry as sad.
我傷心勝過生氣。
Either you or she
Either you or she is wrong.
由 "or", "either... or", "nor", "neither... nor", "not only... but also",所連接的複合主詞，以最靠近動詞的主詞來決定動詞的單複數形式。最靠近動詞的主詞是 she，不是 you，所以動詞為 is。
It is so sunny today that I
It is so sunny today that I decided to take a walk after lunch.
決定午飯後去散步，這個"決定"已經是過去了，故用過去式。
I got neither the gift
I got neither the gift nor the card.
相關連接詞“neither... nor”必須成對使用。
You can
You can either take it or leave it.
不容討價還價；要就要, 不要拉倒；要麽接受，要麽放棄。相關連接詞“either... or”必須成對使用。
【neither 或 nor 可以單獨當連接詞】
neither 或 nor 單獨當連接詞， 當前面的子句為否定時，neither 或 nor 後面的主詞與動詞的順序要顛倒過來。
否定子句, neither (nor) + 助動詞 + 主詞 + 動詞
I never called her back, nor have I regretted it.
我從來沒有給她回電，我也沒有後悔過。
本句的助動詞 have 必須緊跟在 nor 之後。
I never called her back, nor I have regretted it. 是錯誤的寫法。
She hadn’t done any homework, neither had she brought any of her books to class.
她沒有做任何功課，也沒帶她的任何書來教室。
本句的助動詞 had 必須緊跟在 neither 之後。
She hadn’t done any homework, neither had she brought any of her books to class.
她沒有做任何功課，也沒帶她的任何書來教室。
本句的助動詞 had 必須緊跟在 neither 之後。
She hadn’t done any homework, neither she had brought any of her books to class. 是錯誤的寫法。
【也不...】
一般對話中，我們經常用 neither 或 nor + 助動詞 + 主詞, 來表示"也不..."。
neither (nor) + 助動詞 + 主詞
Jerry: I can't swim.
Jerry: 我不會游泳。
Sandy: Neither can I.
Sandy: Neither can I.
Sandy: 我也不會。
Jerry: Christina doesn’t drive.
Jerry: 克里斯蒂娜不會開車。
Sandy: Nor does Amanda.
Sandy: Nor does Amanda.
Sandy: 阿曼達也不會。
They don't care about the politics, and neither
They don't care about the politics, and neither do I.
主詞 'I' 不能放在助動詞 'do' 前面。
不是Chris 就是 David 搞了這惡作劇。
_______ Chris or David must have done this mischief.
(A) Both (B) Neither (C) Whether (D) Either
請參考相關連接詞 "Either...or" (不是… 就是…) 。
Does fresh air
Does fresh air lead to fresh thought?
不規則動詞 lead - "導致...後果; 影想" 的過去式及過去分詞均是 led。
助動詞(Do, Does, Did)可以幫助主要動詞形成疑問句。
主詞 fresh air 是單數、第三人稱，故用助動詞用 Does。
疑問句的形成是在主詞之前加上助動詞，且主要動詞使用動詞原式(lead)。
《助動詞 do (do, does, did)》
助動詞 do 可以幫助主要動詞： (1)形成疑問句、 (2)形成否定句、(3)加强語氣、 (4)代替前面已提過的動詞，避免重覆使用。
【形成疑問句】
| Do Does Did | + | 主詞 | + | 動詞原式 | + | … | + | ? |
He likes pop music.
他喜歡流行音樂。 (肯定句)
Does he like pop music?
他喜歡流行音樂嗎？ (疑問句)
疑問句的形成是在主詞(He)之前加上助動詞(Does)， 並將動詞(likes)改為動詞原式(like)。
| 例句 | 肯定句 | 疑問句 |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | He likes pop music. | Does he like pop music? |
| 他喜歡流行音樂。 | 他喜歡流行音樂嗎？ | |
| 2. | I caught the train last night. | Did you catch the train last night? |
| 我昨晚有趕上了火車。 | 你昨晚有沒有趕上火車？ |
【形成否定句】
| do does did | + | not | + | 動詞原式 |
I like apple.
我喜歡蘋果。
肯定句
I don't like apple. (don't = do not)
我不喜歡蘋果。
動詞 like (喜歡) 藉由助動詞 do, 及副詞 not 的幫助,而形成否定句。
｛Your opinion (about what is right for you)｝ doesn’t mean that it is right for others.
您認為對您是對的看法並不意味著它對其他人也是對的。
doesn’t 是 does not 的縮短形。介系詞片語 "about what is right for you" 當形容詞使用，修飾名詞 opinion。
句子的主詞是 "Your opinion about what is right for you" ，opinion 是單數，故用 doesn’t。
doesn’t 是 does not 的縮短形。介系詞片語 "about what is right for you" 當形容詞使用，修飾名詞 opinion。
句子的主詞是 "Your opinion about what is right for you" ，opinion 是單數，故用 doesn’t。
Paul
Paul does not like mathematics.
第三人稱、單數、現在式，助動詞用does。
I did not
I did not eat breakfast.
助動詞 did 後面的主要動詞要用原式。
【加强語氣】
I do like this cake.
我的確喜歡這個蛋糕。
在正面的、肯定的句子，用助動詞 do 來加强語氣。
Please do come.
請一定要來。
助動詞 do 加强語氣，請務必要來，誠懇地邀請。
Never did I stop loving you.
(= I never stopped loving you.)
我從來沒有停止過愛你。
這種在副詞"never"後面加 do, does, did，把字的順序顛倒過來，也是為了加强語氣用。
I really do expect to be treated the way I treat you — with respect.
我真心期望你對待我就如同我對待你一樣 — 尊重。
助動詞 do 用來加强語氣。
【代替前面已提過的動詞，避免重覆使用。】
Jeff plays bridge, doesn't he? ~ Yes, he does.
Jeff 打橋牌，不是嗎？ 〜是的，他是會橋牌。
does 代替 plays bridge。
The students ran out of the classroom and so did the teacher.
學生們跑出教室，老師也是如此。
did 代替 ran out of the classroom。did 與 ran 都用過去式。
【Do 除了當助動詞外，也可以當主要動詞】
| 助動詞 | 主要動詞 |
|---|---|
| What does this word mean? ~ I don't know. | What do you do in your free time? |
| 這個詞是什麼意思？~我不知道。 | 你空閒的時候在做些什麼？ |
| Did you learn English at school? ~ Yes, I did. | What are you doing now? |
| 你在學校學英語？ ~是的，我學英語。 | 你正在做些什麼？ |
Do it right or don't do it at all.
做就做得對否則就不要做。
上面句子紅體標識的do為主要動詞，而don't = do not 的 do 為助動詞。
練習： 使用正確形式的 do
Do you recycle inkjet cartridges?
Don't drink and drive.
Did Amy come to school by bike this morning?
Have you ever done anything silly?
My mother has done the shopping.
Walter doesn't fly to Rome, he flies to Venice.
Does fresh air lead to fresh thought?
What have you done with your money, Jack?
When does the first lesson start?
I did something interesting yesterday.
您能指出上面例句中的 do, 哪些是助動詞，哪些是主要動詞嗎？
Don't drink and drive.
Did Amy come to school by bike this morning?
Have you ever done anything silly?
My mother has done the shopping.
Walter doesn't fly to Rome, he flies to Venice.
Does fresh air lead to fresh thought?
What have you done with your money, Jack?
When does the first lesson start?
I did something interesting yesterday.
您能指出上面例句中的 do, 哪些是助動詞，哪些是主要動詞嗎？
