例1:
A dog was on the street.
A stray dog was on the street.
A stray dog was dying on the street.
A poor stray dog was dying on the street.
A poor stray dog was dying on the street near our school.
He told me (that) a poor stray dog was dying on the street near our school.
When he told me (that) a poor stray dog was dying on the street near our school, I felt bad.
例2:
Mary got a promotion.
Mary told me about it.
I was happy for her.
Mary told me she got a promotion and I was happy for her.
例3:
John is 20.
He has been studying English for 13 years. 現在完成進行式
He has studied very hard. 現在完成式
He wants to study abroad in the near future.
John is 20 years old. He has been studied English hard for 13 years because he wants to study abroad in the near future.
(後兩句為因果關係,合併在一起,第一句不改,文章會顯得長短交錯,較有變化)
例4:
副詞子句:粗體字部份(句子前有從屬連接詞)
When my mother came back, she saw us playing with fire.
當我媽媽回來時,她看到我們在玩火。- 動詞加上ing,破壞動詞–如果是being或having,後面有形容詞或分詞,可以省略being或having
When my mother coming back, she saw us playing with fire. - 主詞與主要子句相同,可省略。主詞不同,主詞要留下
When coming back, my mother saw us playing with fire. - 連接詞省略(如果省略了連接詞,會讓語意不清楚,連接詞要留下)
Coming back, my mother saw us playing with fire.
例5:
形容詞子句:只有當關係代名詞who、which、that在形容詞子句裡當主詞(也就是關係代名詞後面直接接著動詞),才可以破壞。
I know the girl who is standing there.粗體字為形容詞子句
- 動詞加上ing,破壞動詞–如果是being或having,後面有形容詞或分詞,可以省略being或having
I know the girl who being standing there
–I know the girl who standing there - 連接詞who、which、that省略
I know the girl standing there.
例6:
將句子破壞成名詞:
例句:You are late every day. I don’t like it.
- 動詞加上ing,破壞動詞
You being late every day - 主詞如果是人,要改為所有格。主詞與主要子句相同,可省略。
Your being late every day - 接上主要子句
I don’t like your being late every day.
將用and連接兩個動詞的句子破壞:
- 先後發生,破壞先發生的動詞,主詞要移到沒有被破壞的動詞前,and去掉
She washed her hands and sat at the dining table.
–Washing her hands, she sat at the dining table. - 同時發生,破壞寫在and後面的動詞,and去掉
She ran to her mom and cried out loud.
–She ran to her mom, crying out loud.