2024年10月5日 星期六

句型 - there is/are

句型:There is/are 
there is/are” 是用來表達「存在」,而 “have/has” 則是用來表示「擁有」。
以下是一些「there be」的常見用法,幫助你在不同情境下靈活運用:

表示存在:There is a cat in the garden. (花園裡有一隻貓)
表示數量:There are three apples in the basket. (籃子裡有三個蘋果)
表示位置:There is a park near my house. (我家附近有一個公園)
表示時間:There was a big storm last night. (昨晚有一場大風暴)

「There is」 除了表示「有」之外,還可以表達某種可能性或現象。例如:「There is a possibility that it will rain tomorrow.」(明天有可能會下雨。)



1. 首先,there is/there are主要是用來表示 ⇒ 什麼地方有什麼東西。
2. 人(或其他有生命的)+(擁)有 ⇒ 用 has/have
3. 地方(或無生命的東西)+ 有 ⇒ 用 there is/there are 句型
4. 接單數可數名詞
There is + a/an + 單數名詞(+ 地方副詞) 
There is a lion in the library. 圖書館裡有隻獅子。
5. 接複數可數名詞
There are + 複數名詞 (+ 地方副詞) 
There are rules in the library. 圖書館內有些規則要遵守。
6. 接不可數名詞
用 There is 這個句型,然後省略 a/an 
There is water in the glass. 玻璃杯裡有水。

想要句子更生動活潑?沒問題,你可以搭配「量詞」使用,請看:
1. many/some +可數名詞複數
There are many rules in the library.
There are some flowers in the garden.
2. much/some + 不可數名詞
There is too much glue(膠水) on the boy!
There is some water in the glass.

等一下,難道這個句型只能用現在式 is/are?當然不是,過去式和未來式也可以喔。
1. 可數名詞單數 vs. 不可數名詞 ⇒ 過去式 There was…
There was an earthquake last night.
There was water in the glass.
2. 可數名詞複數  ⇒ 過去式 There were…
There were presents under the Christmas tree.

未來式 There will be… 常搭配時間詞一起使用讓語意更清楚。
1. 可數名詞單數 vs. 不可數名詞
There will be a party at my place this weekend.
There will be a lot of homework next week.
2. 可數名詞複數
There will be buses to Taichung in 15 and 20 minutes.

除了肯定直述句以外,我們也來複習一下否定句吧!

There is …
1. 
There is + not + a/an +可數名詞單數
There is not an earthquake now. 
常縮寫成 There isn't a/an ~
2. 
There is + not + any + 不可數名詞
There is not any water in my glass.
常縮寫成 There isn't any ~

There are…
There are + not + any + 可數名詞複數
There are not any presents under the tree.
常縮寫成 There aren't any ~ 

問句的句型

Is there …?
Is there + a/an +可數名詞單數?
Is there a table in your room?
Is there + any + 不可數名詞?
Is there any water in your glass

Are there …?
Are there+ any + 可數名詞複數?
Are there any chairs?

總是存在著有人需要幫助的事情發生。
主要主詞:something
必要的主詞分詞補語:happening
附加的主詞介詞修飾語:for someone to help
1. There's always something happening. (總是有意外事情發生)句子已經完整。
2. for someone to help (有人需要幫助)對主詞附加說明。

There be 後面的名詞是句子的主語,屬倒裝結構。

There be 中的be 有時可以是lie,stand,used to be,seem to be,appear to be 等,如:
There lies a river to the south.
There lived an old man in the small house.
There stood a temple near the river.
There used to be a castle at the foot of the hill.
南邊有一條河。
小房子裡住著一位老人。
河邊有一座寺廟。
山腳下曾經有一座城堡。

There is(was)+no +動詞ing結構相當於It is(was) impossible to +動詞原形,如:
There is no going home. =It is impossible to go home.
There is no living with him.=It is impossible to live with him. 。
There is no knowing what may happen. =It is impossible to know what may happen.
沒有回家的路。 =回家是不可能的。
沒有和他一起生活=不可能和他一起生活。 。
不知道會發生什麼事。 =不可能知道會發生什麼事。

There be 句型也可以和:be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to ….連用。
There seem to be a few trees between me and the green.在我與草坪之間好像有一些樹。
There is going to be a meeting tonight.今天晚上有個會議。
There is likely to be a storm.可能有一場暴雨。

there be 結構中除可以用 be 外,還可以用其它動詞。例如:
There came a scent of lime-blossom.飄來一陣菩提樹的花香。
Once upon a time there lived a king in China.從前中國有一個國王。


片語(phrase)是什麼?
所謂的片語,就是由兩個或兩個以上的單字結合起來,形成一個獨立的單位。大家比較熟悉的片語類型,是像剛剛例句裡的 go to work(去上班)這類幾個字固定綁在一起的詞組,其他的例子還有 go shopping(去購物)、skip school(翹課)、cut the crap (廢話少說)等等。

不過,在文法課,有些老師所說的片語是另一種類型,用在分析字群的詞性(以下畫底線處)。剛剛說過每個單字都有自己的詞性嘛,片語也是有詞性的,但不像單字的詞性比較會影響到用英文時正確與否,所以稍微有個概念就可以囉 👌,例如:
will buy  a couple of books  in the new online bookstore.
我會在那間新的線上書店買幾本書。
➡ will buy 動詞片語
➡ a couple of books 名詞片語
➡ in the new online bookstore 介系詞片語


在名詞片語中,補語緊接在名詞之後。它們是介系詞片語或名詞子句,是使名詞意思完整的必要元素。若無補語,我們將無法瞭解各該名詞所指為何。例如:
A rise in the unemployment rate is likely in the coming months. (未來幾個月失業率可能會上升)
- 句中 a rise in the unemployment rate 是名詞片語,其中 rise 是名詞,而 in the unemployment rate 是當補語用的介系詞片語。
A feeling of fear and loneliness is almost impossible to imagine. (恐懼和孤獨的感覺幾乎是無法想像的)
- 句中 a feeling of fear and loneliness 是名詞片語,其中 feeling 是名詞,而 of fear and loneliness 是當補語用的介系詞片語。
The idea that schools should control their own finances is not a new one. (學校應該控制自己財務的想法並不新穎)
- 句中 The idea that schools should control their own finances 是名詞片語,其中 idea 是名詞,而 that schools should control their own finances 是當補語用的名詞子句。一般文法書稱 idea 與 that 所引導的名詞子句為同位語。
The fact that he has fully recovered makes me happy. (他已痊癒,真令我高興)
- 句中 The fact that he has fully recovered 是名詞片語,其中 fact 是名詞,而 that he has fully recovered 是當補語用的名詞子句。一般文法書稱 fact 與 that 所引導的名詞子句為同位語。

名詞片語中的後置修飾語 (post-modifiers)

在名詞片語中,後置修飾語位在名詞之後。它們是由副詞片語、介系詞片語和形容詞子句 (即關係子句) 所組成。後置修飾語是在提供名詞的附加或補充資料。與補語不同的是,後置修飾語並非使名詞意思完整的必要元素。例如:

A new restaurant nearby (附近一家新餐廳)
- nearby 為副詞片語當名詞 restaurant 的後置修飾語。
A tall woman with gray hair (一位頭髮發白的高個女子)
- with gray hair 為介系詞片語當名詞 woman 的後置修飾語。
That glass-fronted cabinet I bought last year (我去年買的那個正面是玻璃的櫃子)
- I bought last year 為子句當名詞 cabinet 的後置修飾語。
The document on my desk that Paula left for you (寶拉留給你的文件在我桌上)
- 介系詞片語 (on my desk) + 子句 (that Paula left for you) 當名詞 document 的後置修飾語。
The woman in a denim skirt and a white shirt talking to Thomas (穿著牛仔裙和白襯衫的女子與湯瑪斯交談)
- 介系詞片語 (in a denim skirt and a white shirt) + 子句 (talking to Thomas) 當名詞 woman 的後置修飾語。Talking to Thomas 是形容詞子句 (即關係子句) 的減化。

在名詞片語中,後置修飾語通常位在補語之後。例如:

The government’s claim that it would reduce taxes which appeared in all the TV news reports (所有電視新聞報導中都出現了政府聲稱要減稅的說法)
- 句中 that it would reduce taxes 為補語,而 which appeared in all the TV news reports 為後置修飾語。
A feeling of dissatisfaction with the government that everyone shared (大家都有一種對政府不滿的情緒)
- 句中 of dissatisfaction 為補語,而 with the government 和 that everyone shared 為後置修飾語。
名詞片語中的補語與後置修飾語之區別

補語是使名詞意思完整的必要元素。後置修飾語不是必要元素,它們只是提供名詞的附加或補充資料。例如:

A sense of despair suddenly overwhelmed him. (一種絕望的感覺突然湧上他的心頭)
- 句中名詞 sense 需要更多的資訊來使意思完整。如果我們只說 A sense suddenly overwhelmed him,意思就不完整了。所以,我們需要補語 of despair。
The tall woman in a denim skirt and a white shirt talking to Thomas is a colleague of mine. (與湯瑪斯交談的那個穿著牛仔裙和白襯衫的高個女子是我的同事)
- 句中後置修飾語 in a denim skirt and a white shirt 和 talking to Thomas有助於我們識別出該女子,但它們並非必要的。沒有它們,”The tall woman is a colleague of mine.” (那個高個女子是我的同事) 的意思已經完整了。

修飾成分與名詞片語中的後置修飾語之區別

修飾成分與名詞片語中的後置修飾語截然不同。修飾成分是提供句子的附加或補充資料,而後置修飾語則是提供名詞的附加或補充資料。例如:

They usually go away in the winter. (他們通常在冬天離開)
- 句中 in the winter 是修飾成分,對於動詞 go away 完整的意思表達並非必要,它只是提供附加或補充資料。
They’ve closed that retail outlet around the corner. (他們已關閉轉角處那家零售店)
- 句中 around the corner 是後置修飾語,它是 that retail outlet around the corner 這整個名詞片語 (當 closed 的受詞) 的一部份。它告訴讀者我們談論的是哪家零售店。




句型:there 引介句

國中_英文_1-6 引介句

There be句型的使用



There be 的進階變化句型:
1.


2.
在 there 跟 be 的中間插入 must(一定)、should(應該)、could(可能)等字,因為這三個字都是助動詞,所以後面一律用原形 be 即可。
There must be:「一定有」,表示推測。

There must be a solution to the problem. We just need more time.
一定有辦法可以解決這個問題的,我們只是需要更多時間。

There must be something wrong with my laptop battery. Could you check it?
我的筆電電池 🔋一定是出了問題。你可以檢查看看嗎?

There must be some misunderstanding between us.
我們之間一定是有什麼誤會。
..................................................................................................
Hi. Welcome to the Screen Actors Guild Foundation Storyline Online.
I'm Mindy Sterling and I get a great chance to share this wonderful book with you.
I just found it recently and fell in love with it.
It's called Library Lion and it's written by Michelle Knudsen and illustrated by Kevin Hawkes.
..................................................................................................
One Day, a lion came to the library.
He walked right past the circulation desk and up into the stacks.
Mr. McBee ran down the hall to the head librarian's office.
"Miss Merriweather!" he called.
"No running," said Miss Merriweather, without looking up.
"But there's a lion!" said Mr. McBee. "In the library!"
"Is he breaking any rules?" asked Miss Merriweather.
She was very particular about rule breaking.
"Well, no," said Mr. McBee. "Not really."
"Then leave him be."
有一天,一隻獅子來到圖書館。
它走過圖書流通處,進入書庫。
麥比先生跑到大廳圖書館館長的辦公室。
「Merriweather小姐!」他叫道。
「不准跑!」梅裏威瑟小姐頭也不抬地說。
「可是有一隻獅子!」麥比先生說。「在圖書館裡!」
「他犯規了嗎?」梅里威瑟小姐問。
她對於破壞規則是非常挑剔的。
「嗯,沒有,」McBee 先生說。「沒有」
「那就別管他」
The lion wandered all around the library.
He sniffed the card catalog.
He rubbed his head against the new book collection.
Then he padded over to the story corner and went to sleep.
No one was sure what to do.
There weren't any rules about lions in the library.
Soon it was time for story hour.
There weren't any rules about lions at story hour, either.
The story lady seemed a little nervous.
But she read out the first book's title in a good, clear voice.
The lion looked up.
The story lady kept reading.
The lion stayed for the next story. And the story after that.
He waited for another story, but the children began to walk away.
"Story hour is over," a little girl told him. "It's time to go."
The lion looked at the children.
He looked at the story lady. He looked at the closed books.
Then he roared very loud.
Miss Merriweather came striding out of her office.
"Who is making that noise?" she demanded.
"It's the lion," said Mr. McBee.
Miss Merriweather marched over to the lion.
"If you cannot be quiet, you will have to leave," she said in a stern voice.
"Those are the rules!"
The lion kept roaring.
He sounded sad.
The little girl tugged on Miss Merriweather's dress.
"If he promises to be quiet, can he come back for story hour tomorrow?" she asked.
The lion stopped roaring. He looked at Miss Merriweather.
Miss Merriweather looked back. Then she said,
"Yes. A nice, quiet lion would certainly be allowed to come back for story hour tomorrow."
"Hooray!" said the children.
The next day, the lion came back.
"You are early," said Miss Merriweather.
"Story hour is not until three o'clock."
The lion did not budge.
"Very well," said Miss Merriweather.
"You might as well make yourself useful."
She sent him off to dust the encyclopedias until it was time for story hour.
The next day, the lion came early again.
This time, Miss Merriweather asked him to lick all the envelopes for the overdue notices.
Soon the lion began doing things without being asked.
He dusted the encyclopedias. He licked the envelopes.
He let small children stand on his back to reach books on the highest shelves.
Then he curled up in the story corner to wait for story hour to begin.
At first, the people in the library were nervous about the lion.
But soon they got used to having him around.
In fact, he seemed very well suited for the library.
His big feet were quiet on the library floor.
He made a comfy backrest for the children at story hour.
And he never roared in the library anymore.
你好。歡迎來到演員工會基金會故事情節在線。 我是明迪·斯特林,我有一個很好的機會與您分享這本精彩的書。 我最近才發現它並愛上了它。 它被稱為“圖書館獅子”,由米歇爾·克努森撰寫,凱文·霍克斯繪製。 有一天,一隻獅子來到圖書館。 他徑直走過流通台,走進書庫。 麥克比先生穿過大廳,來到圖書館員的辦公室。 “梅里韋瑟小姐!”他打電話來。 「不准跑,」梅里韋瑟小姐頭也不抬地說。 “但是有一隻獅子!”麥克比先生說。 “在圖書館裡!” “他有違反規定嗎?”梅里韋瑟小姐問。 她非常注重打破規則。 「嗯,不,」麥克比先生說。 “並不真地。” “那就別管他了。” 獅子在圖書館裡徘徊。 他嗅了嗅卡片目錄。 他用頭蹭著新藏書。 然後他就走到故事角落去睡覺了。 沒有人知道該怎麼做。 圖書館裡沒有關於獅子的任何規定。 很快就到了故事時間。 講故事時也沒有關於獅子的任何規則。 故事裡的女士顯得有些緊張。 但她用清晰的聲音讀出了第一本書的書名。 獅子抬起頭來。 故事女士繼續讀著。 獅子留下來聽下一個故事。以及之後的故事。 他等待著另一個故事,但孩子們開始走開。 「故事時間結束了,」一個小女孩告訴他。 “該走了。” 獅子看著孩子們。 他看著說故事的女士。他看著合上的書。 然後他大聲吼叫。 梅里韋瑟小姐大步走出辦公室。 “誰發出這樣的聲音?”她問。 「是獅子,」麥克比先生說。 梅里威瑟小姐大步走向獅子。 「如果你不能安靜,你就必須離開。」她嚴厲地說。 “這就是規則!” 獅子繼續咆哮。 他聽起來很悲傷。 小女孩拉扯梅里韋瑟小姐的裙子。 “如果他答應保持安靜,明天他能回來聽故事嗎?”她問。 獅子停止了咆哮。他看著梅里威瑟小姐。 梅里韋瑟小姐回頭看了一眼。然後她說, 「是的。一隻乖巧、安靜的獅子明天肯定會被允許回來聽故事。” “萬歲!”孩子們說。 第二天,獅子回來了。 「你來得早,」梅里韋瑟小姐說。 “故事時間要到三點才到。” 獅子沒有動。 「很好,」梅里韋瑟小姐說。 “你還是讓自己變得有用吧。” 她讓他去除塵百科全書,直到故事時間到。 第二天,獅子又來得早。 這次,梅里韋瑟小姐要他舔掉所有逾期通知的信封。 很快,獅子就開始在沒有人要求的情況下做事了。 他撣掉了百科全書的灰塵。他舔了舔信封。 他讓小孩子站在他的背上拿書架上最高的書。 然後他蜷縮在故事角落等待故事時間開始。 起初,圖書館裡的人們對獅子感到緊張。 但很快他們就習慣了有他在身邊。 事實上,他看起來非常適合圖書館。 他的大腳安靜地踩在圖書館的地板上。 在講故事的時候,他為孩子們做了一個舒適的靠背。 他再也沒有在圖書館咆哮過。
"What a helpful lion," people said.
They patted his soft head as he walked by.
"How did we ever get along without him?"
Mr. McBee scowled when he heard that.
They had always gotten along fine before.
No lions were needed!
Lions, he thought, could not understand the rules.
They did not belong in the library.
One day, after he had dusted all the encyclopedias
and licked all the envelopes and helped all the small children,
the lion padded down the hall to Miss Merriweather's office to see what else there was to do.
There was still some time left before story hour.
"Hello, Lion," said Miss Merriweather.
"I know something you can do.
You can bring a book back into the stacks for me.
Let me just get it down from the shelf."
Miss Merriweather stepped up onto the step stool.
The book was just out of reach.
Miss Merriweather stood on her toes.
She stretched out her fingers.
"Almost...there..." she said.
Then Miss Merriweather stretched a little too far.
"Ouch," said Miss Merriweather softly.
She did not get up.
"Mr. McBee!" she called after a minute. "Mr. McBee!"
But Mr. McBee was at the circulation desk.
He could not hear her calling. "Lion," said Miss Merriweather.
"Please go and get Mr. McBee."
The lion ran down the hall.
"No running," Miss Merriweather called after him.
The lion put his big front paws up on the circulation desk and looked at Mr. McBee.
「真是一隻樂於助人的獅子啊,」人們說。 當他走過時,他們拍拍他柔軟的頭。 “沒有他,我們怎麼相處?” 麥克比先生聞言皺起了眉頭。 他們之前一直相處得很好。 不需要獅子! 他認為,獅子無法理解規則。 他們不屬於圖書館。 有一天,當他撣掉所有百科全書的灰塵後 舔掉所有的信封並幫助所有的小孩, 獅子慢慢地穿過大廳,來到梅里韋瑟小姐的辦公室,看看還有什麼可做的。 距離講故事時間還有一段時間。 「你好,獅子,」梅里韋瑟小姐說。 「我知道有件事你可以做。 你可以幫我把一本書放回書庫。 讓我把它從架子上拿下來。 梅里韋瑟小姐走上踏腳凳。 這本書簡直是遙不可及。 梅里韋瑟小姐踮起腳尖。 她伸出手指。 「快……到了……」她說。 梅里威瑟小姐的動作有點太過分了。 「哎喲,」梅里韋瑟小姐輕聲說。 她沒有站起來。 “麥克比先生!”一分鐘後她打電話來。 “麥克比先生!” 但麥克比先生在藉閱處。 他聽不到她的呼喚。 「獅子,」梅里韋瑟小姐說。 “請去接麥克比先生。” 獅子跑過大廳。
"Go away, Lion," said Mr. McBee. "I'm busy."
The lion whined.
He pointed his nose down the hall toward Miss Merriweather's office.
Mr. McBee ignored him.
Finally, the lion did the only thing he could think of to do.
He looked Mr. McBee right in the eye.
Then he opened his mouth very wide.
And he roared the loudest roar he had ever roared in his life.
Mr. McBee gasped.
"You're not being quiet!" he said to the lion.
"You're breaking the rules!"
Mr. McBee walked down the hall as fast as he could.
The lion did not follow him.
He had broken the rules.
He knew what that meant.
He hung his head and walked toward the doors.
Mr. McBee did not notice.
"Miss Merriweather!" he called as he walked. "Miss Merriweather!
The lion broke the rules! The lion broke the rules!"
He burst into Miss Merriweather's office.
She was not in her chair. "Miss Merriweather?" he asked.
"Sometimes," said Miss Merriweather from the floor behind her desk,
"there is a good reason to break the rules. Even in the library.
Now please go call a doctor. I think I've broken my arm."
Mr. McBee ran to call a doctor.
"No running!" Miss Merriweather called after him.
The next day, things were back to normal. Almost.
Miss Merriweather's left arm was in a cast.
The doctor had told her not to work too hard.
"I will have my lion to help me," Miss Merriweather thought.
But the lion did not come to the library that morning.
At three o'clock, Miss Merriweather walked over to the story corner.
The story lady was just beginning a story for the children.
The lion was not there.
People in the library kept looking up from their books and computer screens,
hoping they would see a familiar furry face.
But the lion did not come that day.
The lion did not come the next day, either. Or the day after that.
One evening, Mr. McBee stopped by Miss Merriweather's office on his way out.
"Can I do anything for you before I go, Miss Merriweather?" he asked her.
"No, thank you," said Miss Merriweather.
She was looking out the window.
Her voice was very quiet. Even for the library.
Mr. McBee frowned as he walked away.
He thought there was probably something he could do for Miss Merriweather, after all.
Mr. McBee left the library.
But he did not go home.
He walked around the neighborhood.
He looked under cars. He looked behind bushes.
He looked in backyards and trash cans and tree houses.
Finally he circled all the way back to the library.
The lion was sitting outside, looking in through the glass doors.
"Hello, Lion," said Mr. McBee.
The lion did not turn around.
"I thought you might like to know," said Mr. McBee,
"that there's a new rule at the library.
No roaring allowed, unless you have a very good reason -
say, if you're trying to help a friend who's been hurt, for example."
The lion's ears twitched.
He turned around. But Mr. McBee was already walking away.
The next day, Mr. McBee walked down the hall to Miss Merriweather's office.
"What is it, Mr. McBee?" asked Miss Merriweather in her new, sad, quiet voice.
"I thought you might like to know," said Mr. McBee,
"that there's a lion. In the library."
Miss Merriweather jumped up from her chair and ran down the hall.
Mr. McBee smiled. "No running!" he called after her.
Miss Merriweather didn't listen.
Sometimes there was a good reason to break the rules. Even in the library.
I love this book!
And there are so many other books just like this
and other types of stories with other kinds animals in the library
and it's so easy
to just go there and check out a book or read a book in the library
and they even have people that will tell stories so check that out
Well, hopefully, I'll see you in the library someday.