《英語聽力練習》 (8)
...........................................................................................................................................
【實力英語】
What does a dentist do to a bad tooth?
(A) take it off
(B) take it out
(C) take it away
(D) take it over
【聽力練習】
I’m going to tell you four different ways of using the phrasal verb take off.
First, we use take off to describe removing clothing.
It’s really hot here, so I’m going to take off my jumper.
You can also separate take and off and say “take my jumper off“.
Second, we use take off to describe something becoming successful.
I’m going to be rich.
My business has taken off.
Third, we use take off to describe not going to work.
I’m going to take a day off work tomorrow.
Fourth, we use take off to describe depart from the ground.
“Take off” is when the plane leaves the ground and begins to rise into the air.
The plane will take off on time.
The plane takes off in 45 minutes.
So, we can say take off my jumper, or take my jumper off, my business has taken off, the plane will take off , and lastly take a day off.
.....................................................................................................
I’m going to tell you four different ways of using the phrasal verb take off.
First, we use take off to describe removing clothing(脫衣服).
It’s really hot here, so I’m going to take off my jumper.
You can also separate take and off and say “take my jumper off“.
Second, we use take off to describe something becoming successful(某事變得成功).
I’m going to be rich.
My business has taken off.
Third, we use take off to describe not going to work(不去上班).
I’m going to take a day off work tomorrow.
Fourth, we use take off to describe depart from the ground(離開地面).
“Take off” is when the plane leaves the ground and begins to rise into the air.
The plane will take off on time.
The plane takes off in 45 minutes.
So, we can say take off my jumper, or take my jumper off, my business has taken off, the plane will take off , and lastly take a day off.
.....................................................................................................
Hi, this is Kee from BBC Learning English. Today, I’m going to tell you three different ways of using the phrasal verb take off.
First, we use take off to describe removing clothing(脫衣服).
It’s really hot here, so I’m going to take off my jumper（穿在襯衣外的套頭衫）.
You can also separate take and off and say “take my jumper off“.
Second, we use take off to describe something becoming successful (某事變得成功).
I’m going to be rich. My business has taken off.
Third, we use take off to describe not going to work(不去上班).
I’m going to take a day off work tomorrow.
So, we can say take off my jumper, or take my juper off, my business has taken off, and lastly take a day off.
「Take off」 是一個動詞片語，它由動詞 「take」 和助詞 「off」 組成。動詞片語的用法較難，因為它們的意思可能會隨著語境的變化而發生改變。
1. Remove clothing
Take off can mean remove clothing. With this use, take off is separable. This means that the item of clothing can go between the verb and the particle.
「Take off」 可以表示 「脫衣服」。在表達這個意思時，動詞片語 「take off」 可以被分開，即：動詞 take + 衣物的名稱 + 助詞 off 。It’s warm here. I’m going to take off my jumper.
It’s warm here. I’m going to take my jumper off.
Please take off your shoes when you come inside.
Please take your shoes off when you come inside.
2. Something becoming successful
Take off can also mean become successful, especially suddenly.
「Take off」 還可以表示 「突然變得成功，開始走紅」。I’m going to be rich. My business has taken off.
I never liked his music, but it’s taken off quite recently. Everyone is listening to it.
3. Not go to work
Take off can be used with a time word to mean have time away from work.
「Take off」 可以與表示時間的詞語搭配使用，表示 「休假，不上班」。I’m going to take a day off work tomorrow
She asked to take a week off next month for a holiday.
...........................................................................................................................................
插入語(parentheses)：片語動詞(Phrasal Verbs [ˈfreɪzl vɜrbz])：
某些片語動詞是不及物的，不及物的片語動詞不能有受詞。
The old lady passed away peacefully.
老婦人安詳地去世了。
動詞 pass 加上副詞 away 形成片語動詞 pass away (去世) 與原來動詞 pass (通過) 意義不同。 pass away 當不及物動詞看待，後面另一個副詞 peacefully (安詳地) 修飾片語動詞 pass away。
某些片語動詞是及物的，及物的片語動詞要有受詞。
He asked me to look after his daughter while he was away.
他要我當他不在的時候照顧他的女兒。
動詞 look 加上介系詞 after 形成片語動詞 look after (照顧) 與原來動詞 look (看) 意義不同。 look after 當及物動詞看待，後面可以有受詞 his daughter。
不定詞片語 (Infinitive Phrase)
從屬子句
從屬子句是以從屬連接詞或關係代名詞起頭，它如同一般子句，既有主詞又有動詞的字群。從屬子句無法表達完整的思維，它不能單獨存在。從屬子句又稱為附屬子句 — 意謂著它必須依附在其他獨立子句，才能表達完整的思維。
從屬子句依其在句子裡所扮演的功能，基本上又可歸納為名詞子句、關係子句 、和副詞子句。
當這婦人讀了這封信時，... 然後呢？她喜出望外，還是傷心欲絕？因為它不能表達完整的思維，顯然不是一個完整的句子。如果加入一個獨立子句 "her eyes welled up with tears." 那就形成一個漂亮的句子（複句）。
When the woman read the letter, her eyes welled up with tears.
當這婦人讀了這封信時，她熱淚盈眶。
"well" 當動詞解釋時有「（液體慢慢地）湧出」的意思。
"welled up with tears" - 熱淚盈眶。
Where there is smoke, there is fire.
無風不起浪。
若是從屬子句在前，主要子句在後，中間經常要加個逗號「,」。
Jane is reading the book that I bought for her.
Jane 正在讀我買給她的書。
若是從屬子句在主要子句之後，這個逗號「,」通常不需要。
Poverty, _______ it means a daily fight for subsistence, is humankind's natural state.
(A) as long as (B) as soon as (C) insofar as (D) just as
就貧困而言，在意味著每天為生存而戰的情況下，這是人類的自然狀態。
從屬連接詞 "insofar as" - “到…的程度，在...範圍內”。
從屬子句若夾在主要子句中間，前後要加逗號「,」隔開。
Corporations are not hiring. Because consumers are not spending.
Corporations are not hiring because consumers are not spending.
從屬子句 "Because consumers are not spending" 不能單獨存在。我們把兩句合併為一句：
Corporations are not hiring because consumers are not spending.
或是重組句子成：
Because consumers are not spending, corporations are not hiring.
從屬子句也能由下列的關係代名詞起頭：
限定性關係子句
限定性關係子句（從屬子句）與主要子句不能被逗號「,」隔開。拿掉限定性的關係子句，會失去句子的核心意義。
I always buy name brand clothes that are cheap.
我總是買便宜的名牌衣服。
先行詞 clothes 是複數， 關係代名詞 that 用複數動詞 are。
這裡的關係子句 "that are cheap" 是限定用法。拿掉限定性的關係子句，會失去句子的核心意義。
The woman who lives by the lake is my aunt.
住在湖邊的那個女人是我的姨媽。
woman - "女人" 是一般的名詞。關係子句（形容詞子句） "who lives by the lake" 強調住在湖邊的那個女人，它是一種限定用法。
_______ thought of that idea is an idiot.
(A) Whoever (B) Whomever (C) whichever
想到這個主意的人都是白痴。
關係子句 "Whoever thought of that idea" 也是個名詞子句，作主詞用。
You may invite _______ you like to the party.
(A) whomever (B) whoever (C) whichever
你可以邀請任何你喜歡的人來聚會。
whomever = any one whom，複合關係代名詞 whomever 結合先行詞 any one 與關係代名詞 whom。
You may invite any one whom you like to the party.
非限定性關係子句（從屬子句）若是被嵌入於主要子句內，前後須有逗號「,」隔開。拿掉非限定性的關係子句，句子的核心意義還是存在的。
The scandal, which was first reported by Reuters, allegedly spans seven years.
最早由路透社揭露，這起醜聞據稱長達七年之久。
關係子句"which was first reported by Reuters"被嵌入於主要子句內，前後須有逗號「,」隔開。
Professor Chen, who is my uncle, teaches English at this college.
我叔叔陳教授在這所大學教英語。
Professor Chen - "陳教授"，已經明確指出其人，關係子句（從屬子句）"who is my uncle" 已削弱它的影響力，它是非限定用法，拿掉它不會影響句子的核心意義。
Professor Chen, my uncle, teaches English at this college.