英語聽力練習 - 12

 《英語聽力練習》(12)

受傷的婦女被帶到醫院。
The injuring woman was taken to the hospital.
The injured woman was taken to the hospital.

過去分詞具有「被動」或「完成」的意味，通常當作形容詞使用來修飾名詞。

我每天早上喝咖啡。
I drink a coffee every morning.
I drink coffee every morning.

不可數名詞 coffee 前面絕對不能有 a/an, 不可數名詞可以用量詞 "some" ，或 "a cup of" 來修飾。

我從來不知道我有多貧窮，直到我有一點錢。
I never knew how poor I was until I had a few money.
I never knew how poor I was until I had a little money.

限定詞 a little 用於不可數名詞 money。

到下週時我將會瘦了十公斤。
By next week I will lost ten kilo.
By next week I will have lost ten kilo.

未來完成式(will have lost)用在未來某一時刻(By next week)之前已經完成某個動作(lost ten kilo)。

一個女人結婚後多久你還可以稱她為新娘？
How long after a woman is married would you call her bride?
How long after a woman is married would you call her a bride?

單數可數名詞 bride 前面要有冠詞， a bride 泛指新娘。

聲學是研究聲音行為的一門學問。
Acoustics are the study of the behavior of sound.
Acoustics is the study of the behavior of sound.

表示學科，如：acoustics （聲學）、politics （政治學）、civics (市政學) 、kinetics （動力學）等都是不可數名詞，要用單數動詞。

acoustic - “音響效果”， 是可數名詞，通常以複數形式 acoustics 呈現，要用複數動詞。
比較： The acoustics in this hall are terrible. 這個大廳的音響真是可怕。

當我們進來時，我們發現他們已經來了。
When we came in, we found they have already arrived.
When we came in, we found they had already arrived.

過去完成式用來表示過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經完成的動作或經驗。
比 came (過去式)還早發生的動作，必須用過去完成式。

如果我有時間，我就會幫你。
If I have time, I would help you.
If I had time, I would help you.

我沒有時間，因此我無法幫你。
與現在事實不相符的假設。請參考第二類條件句的動詞時態。

讓我教你怎麼玩曲棍球。
Let me teach you how to play the hockey.
Let me teach you how to play hockey.

任何 sports (運動) 項目，如 tennis, ping-pong, hockey, basketball 等名詞前面不須要加冠詞 the。

我買不起台北的房子。
I can't afford buying a house in Taipei.
I can't afford to buy a house in Taipei.

某些動詞如 afford，習慣後面跟著不定詞。

自上週以來，她就一直生病。
She was sick since last week.
She has been sick since last week.

帶有 since 或 for 表時間的介系詞，通常用現在完成時式。for 表示一段時間， since 表示從過去某一時間點到現在。

幾句寒暄之後，他們開始談論正事。
After a little civilities, they got down to business.
After a few civilities, they got down to business.

量詞 a few 修飾複數可數名詞； a little 修飾不可數名詞。

事故發生在午夜後不久。
The accident was occurred shortly after midnight.
The accident occurred shortly after midnight.

不及物動詞 occur 不能有被動語態。

我認識你！
I am recognizing you!
I recognize you!

動詞 recognize 通常不用進行式，請參考非持續性動詞。

非持續性動詞 （Non-Continuous Verbs）

一般看得到動作的動詞，例如： work, play, study, cook, eat, sleep 都可以用於各種時態。但是有一種非持續性動詞，通常看不到動作，如「羨慕」、「憎恨」、「擁有」、「屬於」、「似乎」、「需要」等，卻從來不用或很少用進行式時態。

我有一支智慧型手機。
I am having a smart phone.
I have a smart phone.


動詞 have 當作「擁有」解釋時，不用進行式。
若 have 有「吃；喝」的意思時，可以有進行式。
When are we having dinner? (我們什麼時候吃晚飯？)Alice 現在需要幫忙。
Alice is needing help now.
Alice needs help now.


非持續性動詞 need (需要)， 不能有進行式。


John said it _______ a lot of work.

(A) involved (B) involves (C) had been involving (D) was involving


John 說，它涉及了很多工作。

非持續性動詞 invole (涉及)，通常不用進行式。我不相信這個消息。
I am not believing the news.
I don't believe the news.


非持續性動詞 believe (相信)，通常不用進行式。我恨它，當你這樣做。
I am hating it when you do that.
I hate it when you do that.


非持續性動詞 hate (恨)，通常不用進行式。

也有一些字作某種意義解釋時不能有進行式，作另一種意義解釋時卻可以有進行式。